???? 据美国钻井网站2021年2月23日奥斯陆报道，挪威著名能源研究和商业情报公司雷斯塔能源公司（Rystad）指出，去年全球5大石油巨头埃克森美孚公司、英国石油公司、壳牌公司、雪佛龙公司和道达尔公司共亏损创纪录的760亿美元。
????Rystad指出，，由于这些超级石油巨头重新评估他们的战略，把重点放在能源转型和减少对石油的依赖上，其中690亿美元的净亏损主要来自资产减值和销帐。Rystad指出，5大石油巨头去年都出现了净亏损，其中埃克森美孚公司亏损最多，达到224亿美元，其次是壳牌公司和英国石油公司，亏损也超过200亿美元。Rystad表示，相对而言，道达尔公司和雪佛龙公司的表现要好于同行，净亏损为50亿至60亿美元。
????Rystad强调，所有石油巨头在去年都提高了杠杆率，英国石油公司和壳牌公司在去年底都把杠杆率提高到30%以上。Rystad指出，埃克森美孚公司和雪佛龙公司在去年均增加了创纪录的债务数额，分别增加了190亿美元和180亿美元的净债务。Rystad补充说，这两个石油巨头在去年把他们的杠杆率提高了10%。
????Rystad透露，与前一年相比，去年这5大石油巨头的油气总产量下降了近5%或90万桶油当量/天。更低的排放目标和对更清洁的能源的需求大大影响了石油巨头长期生产的前景。
????Rystad上游分析师拉胡尔·乔杜里在一份公司声明中表示，“去年无疑是对油气巨头前所未有的考验。”
????“由于需求反弹和油价突破60美元大关，需求预计在不久的将来会出现一些复苏。然而，未来十年5大石油巨头成功的关键将是加强他们在更具弹性的地区业务，重组和调整规模以适应市场需求，并偿还他们的高债务水平。” 乔杜里如是说。
????李峻 编译自 美国钻井网站
????原文如下：
????Big Oil Posts Record Loss in 2020
????Rystad Energy has highlighted that the five integrated supermajors – ExxonMobil (NYSE: XOM), BP (NYSE: BP), Shell (NYSE: RDS.A), Chevron (NYSE: CVX), and Total (NYSE: TOT) – posted a combined record loss of $76 billion in 2020.
????Rystad noted that the major chunk of this loss, $69 billion, can be attributed to asset impairments and write-offs as the supermajors re-evaluated their strategy to focus on the energy transition and become less dependent on petroleum. All five majors reported net losses last year, with ExxonMobil reporting the largest at $22.4 billion, followed by Shell and BP which also incurred losses of more than $20 billion, Rystad outlined. The company said Total and Chevron fared better than their peers, relatively speaking, reporting net losses of $5 billion to $6 billion.
????Rystad highlighted that all the majors had their gearing ratio raised in 2020, with BP and Shell both ending the year with a gearing above the 30 percent mark. ExxonMobil and Chevron raised a record amount of debt during the year, adding $19 billion and $18 billion respectively to their net debt, Rystad outlined, adding that both majors increased their gearing ratio by ten percent in 2020.
????The combined oil and gas output of the five majors dropped by nearly five percent, or 0.9 million barrels of oil equivalent per day, in 2020, compared from the year before, Rystad revealed. Lower emission targets and demand for cleaner energy have significantly impacted the long-term production outlook for the majors, according to Rystad,
????“Last year has certainly tested oil and gas majors like never before,” Rahul Choudhary, an upstream analyst at Rystad Energy, said in a company statement.
????“Some recovery can be expected in the near future as demand rebounds and oil prices cross the $60 mark. However, the key to success for the five majors over the next decade will be to strengthen their business in more resilient regions, restructure and resize to match the market needs, and pay back their high debt levels,” he added.
