???? 据油价网2021年4月5日巴格达报道，官方估计，伊拉克的常规天然气探明储量总数至少达到3.5万亿立方米，或占全球天然气总储量的1.5%左右，这个数字使伊拉克成为全球第13大天然气储量拥有国。

????伊拉克包括伴生天然气在内的四分之三天然气产量是在与石油相同的储层中发现的。然而，国际能源署（IEA）估计，伊拉克最终可采天然气资源量将大大增加，达到8万亿立方米，其中大约30%被认为是非伴生天然气。尽管蕴藏着巨大的天然气资源，但伊拉克多年来在开发伴生气和非伴生气方面几乎没有取得实质性进展，伊拉克对伴生气主要放空烧掉，却忽视开发非伴生气。不过，伊拉克近日与法国石油和天然气巨头道达尔公司签署了一项框架协议，双方将在4个主要项目上合作，其中包括开发伴生气项目。

????根据伊拉克石油部长贾巴尔所说，这项数十亿美元协议的一部分将涉及在位于伊拉克南部的5个油田建造生产天然气的设施，这5个油田分别是西古尔纳-2油田、马季努恩油田、拉塔威油田、图巴油田和鲁哈伊斯油田，这5个油田预计将日产至少3亿标准立方英尺的天然气，天然气日产量在第2阶段开发后将增加一倍。伊拉克和道达尔公司之间的框架协议是在1月27日双方签署了一项开发各种大型项目的谅解备忘录之后签署的，包括在南部的拉塔威油田、东部的迪亚拉油田和东北部的安巴尔油田进行伴生气开发。道达尔公司已经在伊拉克各地开展业务，它拥有南部米桑省哈尔法亚油田22.5%的股份，以及北部库尔德地区萨尔桑勘探区块18%的股份。

????这个框架协议的另一个关键因素是，道达尔公司将参与一座1000兆瓦太阳能发电厂的建设和运营，以及一个利用重新引导和再处理海水来提高油田压力以应对产量下降的项目。根据伊拉克石油部门的消息，道达尔公司将专注于每天处理大约250万桶海水，并致力于提高拉塔威、朱拜尔、西古尔纳-2、马季努恩和鲁迈拉等油田的伴生气产量。这似乎是道达尔公司试图判断是否要接管整个通用海水供应项目(CSSP)。

????李峻 编译自 油价网

????原文如下：

????Iraq Moves To Exploit Its Massive Natural Gas Reserves

????Official estimates are that Iraq’s proven reserves of conventional natural gas amount to at least 3.5 trillion cubic meters (tcm), or about 1.5 percent of the world’s total, placing Iraq 13th among global reserve-holders, with around three-quarters of this figure comprising associated gas that is found in the same reservoirs as oil. The International Energy Agency, though, estimates that ultimately recoverable resources will be considerably larger, at 8.0 tcm, of which around 30 percent is thought to be in the form of non-associated gas. Despite these huge potential gas resources, Iraq has made little substantial progress over the years on developing this potential either for associated or non-associated gas, mainly flaring the former and overlooking the latter. Last week, though, a heads-of-agreement deal was announced with French oil and gas giant, Total, to jointly work on four major projects that include developing the associated gas sector.

????Part of the multi-billion dollar deal, according to Iraq’s Oil Minister, Ihsan Abul Jabbar, will involve the building of a facility to produce natural gas at the five southern Iraq oilfields of West Qurna 2, Majnoon, Ratawi, Tuba, and Luhais, and this is expected to produce at least 300 million standard cubic feet of gas per day (mscf/d) and double that after the second phase of development. The agreement between Iraq and Total follows the signing of a memorandum of understanding on 27 January to develop various large-scale projects, including associated gas developments in Ratawi in the south, Diyala in the east, and Anbar in the northeast. Total already has ongoing experience of working across Iraq, holding a 22.5 percent stake in the Halfaya oil field in Missan province in the south and an 18 percent stake in the Sarsang exploration block in the semi-autonomous region of Kurdistan in the north.

????The other key elements in this heads-of-agreement deal will be Total’s involvement in the construction and operation of a 1,000-megawatt solar energy plant and a project that will utilize redirected and reprocessed seawater to boost the pressure at oil fields to counter declining output yields. In this latter regard, according to Iraq’s Oil Ministry, Total will focus on treating around 2.5 million barrels of seawater per day and focusing these efforts on boosting output from Ratawi, and the Zubair, West Qurna 2, Majnoon, and Rumaila. This would appear to be an attempt by Total to gauge whether or not to take over the entire Common Seawater Supply Project (CSSP).

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