据ICIS-MRC网站7月8日莫斯科报道，根据烃加工网参照美国能源信息署(EIA)的月度能源评论显示，2020年，包括石油、天然气和煤炭在内的美国化石燃料总消费量降至72.9万亿英热单位(Btu)，较2019年下降9%，为1991年以来的最低水平。

　　去年，美国化石燃料消费量的绝对值和百分比都出现了自 1949 年以来最大的年度降幅，这是我们年度数据系列中最早出现的一年。去年对新冠疫情的经济应对措施，包括美国交通部门能源消耗下降 15 %，在很大程度上推动了燃料消费的下降。美国在 2020年天气相对温暖，这减少了对取暖燃料的需求。

　　石油产品，包括车用汽油、馏分燃油(柴油)和碳氢液体(HGL)，占到2020年美国化石燃料消费的44%。每一个部门都在消耗石油，但在2020年,交通运输部门约占石油总消耗量的68 %。总体而言，美国石油消费量较2019年下降13%。

　　2020年，天然气占美国化石燃料消费的 43 %，是有记录以来最大的年度份额。每个行业都消耗天然气，但电力行业在2020年用于发电和供热的天然气总消费量中所占比例达到创纪录的38%。居民和商业部门直接消耗的化石燃料能源 80 %以上是天然气，主要用于空间供暖。总体而言，美国天然气消费量较2019年下降2%。

　　郝芬 译自 ICIS- MRC

　　原文如下:

　　US fossil fuel consumption down by 9% in 2020 - EIA

　　In 2020, total consumption of fossil fuels in the United States, including petroleum, natural gas, and coal, fell to 72.9 quadrillion British thermal units (Btu), down 9% from 2019 and the lowest level since 1991, according to Hydrocarbonprocessing with reference to US Energy Information Administration's (EIA) Monthly Energy Review.

　　Last year marked the largest annual decrease in US fossil fuel consumption in both absolute and percentage terms since at least 1949, the earliest year in our annual data series. Economic responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, including a 15% decrease in energy consumption in the US transportation sector, drove much of the decline. The United States also had relatively warmer weather in 2020, which reduced demand for heating fuels.

　　Petroleum products, including motor gasoline, distillate fuel oil (diesel), and hydrocarbon gas liquids (HGLs), accounted for 44% of US fossil fuel consumption in 2020. Every sector consumes petroleum, but the transportation sector accounted for about 68% of total petroleum consumption in 2020. Overall, US petroleum consumption fell 13% in 2020 from 2019.

　　Natural gas accounted for 43% of US fossil fuel consumption in 2020, the largest annual share on record. Every sector consumes natural gas, but the electric power sector accounted for a record-high 38% of total natural gas consumption to generate electricity and heat in 2020. Over 80% of the fossil fuel energy directly consumed in the residential and commercial sectors is natural gas, and it is mostly used for space heating. Overall, US natural gas consumption decreased 2% in 2020 from 2019.

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